Composition for pipes



106. COMPOSITIONS, 52 AWNER COATING 0R PLASTIC T FOR-Missile H- 98 v I t UNIT STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN II. \VALSIL OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

COM POSITION FOVR PIPEIS,

SPECIFICATION forining part of Letters Patent No. 400,527, dated April 2; Iss9. Application tiled December 2, 1887. Serial No. 256,732. (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern.- \vell'to look at the composition of cement.

lie it known that I, JOHN ll. \VALSH, 0f Bos- Portland cementeontains- '7; ton, in the county of Suffolk and State of Mas- Per -eat. V sachusettsdiave invented certain new and 1150- Lim 59.06 50 5 full Improvements in the Process of Making Siliciq Mid t i t 2 -7 and l-l'ardening Cement lipes, of which the 8 Pa gr g is Specification. I mglglfegianon 0:82 This inventionpertains to certain new a Potash. .1: :1: I Iii 1:111:11: Ill: :11. 1 0f73 useful improvements in compositions for Soda 0.87 55 IO pipes, having for its object the production of S111)hate of 111116 t t a pipe of very superior and lasting qualities 147 for use particuh'u-ly as a conductor for underf T ground 1 5 It will be seen that cement contains a large Another object is to produce a pipe formlime, f he y 1 t 60 i 5 ing a perfect non-cont'luctor of electricity. Int-1', all 1 0. of calcium, and when this subin carrying into eil'ect my invention ltake stance is nmistened and spq o he a parts; lortlant cement, two and one-halt cfll'bollmeof 0111031111 Carbonate parts; a e cement,one and one-fourth of calcium Is also formed in another way: 6

part; sulphur, me and one fou -{.11 part When Wilt-(1'15 added it) cement $01110 0f the 'lhcse illg'ret tents are mixed intimately with Oxide of calcium is dissolved, forming hya small quantity of water, say twelve quarts Hl 0t ctllt'llllll, and the carbon tIIOXHLQ Qfi to a two-hundred-andreighty-pound pipe, and Lillllail 111C- Jll't e o Cd- Cill n pressed into iron molds by a stamp strikingformscarbonateofcalciun1.O'iiiiiiit'iil'stieoii 7Q tifteen hundred pounds to the square inch. li s m m lg; Kill odiuu alt dpg- 'lhe sulphur is used to make the pipes more tglj l l, a d theacting oii tlii lnne form perleet 11oll-conductors of electricity. silicates of 0515mm Another change 15 pro- A limestone that. contains more than ten met [Timid cement by the erystallizing' of per cent. of silica or clay. when burned in a the hydrate of calcium. As the water hold- 7 3o kiln in 'a. manner similar to which lime is inghydratcol'calcium1n solution evaporates burned, possesses the property of setting" spontaneously, the hydrate of calcium is deor becoming hard and stone-like when made posited in crystals. 'lhec s' 't into mortar by moistening with water an d-almerated cause the ttlllfilltltlllfigl i" but when lowingto stand for some time. Limestone merely exposed to the air the changes are So that possesses this property is called cemvery slow and imperfect, and for this reason ent." As there is but little linn-stone that after molding my improved pipe 1 subject contains enough silica to cause it to set,most th {some to t eatment now to he described. cement is ninth-artilicially by mixing ground 'lhepipe is now removed from the mold and limestone and clay in the right. proportions placed in a closed chamber,whereitistreated 85 0 and burning the mixture in a connnon limewith a wide '-saturated mixtureof carbon dikiln. which produces a compound capable of oxidejjtfil W ays, whelfit hardeningupon lnoistcning it with water-and 1S perlectly sohditied and ready for use. it allowing it to remain undisturbedforseveral has been found convenient; to prepare th days. Now the setting of cement is due to carbon dioxide by the combustion of char- 9o 15 chemical and physical changes. In order to coal in a tight stove, the air for the combushetter understand these changes it will be t-ion being furnished by a pipe which extends a Eva into the air-outside ol the building. '1 he ear- I hydrate is 111 turn acted on by the carbon dihon-dioxide gas mixed with air is passed through a cooler, in which the mixed air and gas is saturated with moisture, a-ndfrom which 5 it is conducted into the closed chamber containing; the pipes. It is found needful to cool the gas, as when itis passed into the chamber hot it causes the pipes to crackle. The action in this closed chamber is. similar to that de-v IO seribedvbovc as takingplacein the air. The carbonate, hydrate, and silicate of calcium are formed, and thus the pipes are rapidly and perfectly hardened. 'ljhe moisture with whiclrthe air and gas are charged comes in r 5 eouta'ctwith all the surfaces of the pipes to be treated; and, dissolving some of the calcium oxide, forms calcium hydrate. The calcium oxide, i 'orming' calcium carbon ate.

I do not limit'myself'to the proportions 2o herein specified, but may vary the same without departing from the spiritof my invention.

The herein-described improved composition for pipe, composed ofsand, Portland cement 25 'Rosendale cement,.and sulphur, as stated.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specificationfin the presence of txvo subs'eribiin, witnesses, this 29th day of November JOIIN II. WALSH; Witnesses:

ARTHUR W. CRossLEY, A. D. HARRISON. 

